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By Evelyne Huber Stephens, John D. Stephens
The Description for this publication, Democratic Socialism in Jamaica: The Political circulation and Social Transformation in established Capitalism, may be forthcoming.
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Extra info for Democratic Socialism in Jamaica: The Political Movement and Social Transformation in Dependent Capitalism
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10 A Post-Colonial Plantation Economy 11 In their 150 years of rule in Jamaica the Spanish did little other than eliminate the indigenous population, so the population, social and economic structuring, and governing of Jamaica was entirely a British affair. In practice, the governing of the colony was left to the local elite, especially after the American Revolution, with the Crown and its ministers stepping in only occasionally to ensure that British interests were protected. The colonial government consisted of a governor, appointed by the Crown, an appointed council and an elective assembly.
In composition and appeal, the PNP represented primarily the brown urban middle class, the JLP the black lower classes, and the Jamaica Democratic Party (JDP) the white upper class. The results of the election showed how weak was the hegemonic position of the upper class, as none of the JDP's nine candidates managed to win a seat. 7 per cent of the 663 069 electors on the lists cast a vote. 5 per cent of the vote and five seats, and the independent candidates, all of whom together obtained 30 per cent of the vote but only five of whom won a seat.
5 In 1922, the Longshoremen's Union and the Jamaica Federation of Labour were formed, and in 1935 the Jamaica Workers and Tradesmen Union (JWTU), which became the base for Alexander Bustamante's rise to fame. In 1936, the Jamaica Progressive League was formed in New York by Jamaican residents committed to the advancement of self-government and of social and economic change in Jamaica. However, these organizations did not have any major impact on developments in Jamaica until the labor rebellions of 1935 and 1938 shocked the British and local elites into an awareness of the need for change and prompted the foundation of the PNP as the driving force in the nationalist movement.