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Long demonstrated because the most excellent within the box, Casarett & Doull's Toxicology equips you with an unsurpassed knowing of contemporary toxicology, together with the rules, suggestions, mechanisms, and modes of inspiration which are the basis of the self-discipline. the hot 7th version positive factors is up to date all through and comprises many new members and new content material on chemical terrorism.
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Extra info for Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons (7th Edition)
Sample text
The application of these new technologies to toxicity testing is in many ways “descriptive” in nature, yet affords great mechanistic insights into how chemicals produce their toxic effects. This exciting new area of toxicology is discussed in more detail later in the chapter. A regulatory toxicologist has the responsibility for deciding, on the basis of data provided by descriptive and mechanistic toxicologists, whether a drug or other chemical poses a sufficiently low risk to be marketed for a stated purpose or subsequent human or CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY environmental exposure resulting from its use.
Chemical interactions are known to occur by a number of mechanisms, such as alterations in absorption, protein binding, and the biotransformation and excretion of one or both of the interacting toxicants. In addition to these modes of interaction, the response of the organism to combinations of toxicants may be increased or decreased because of toxicologic responses at the site of action. The effects of two chemicals given simultaneously produce a response that may simply be additive of their individual responses or may be greater or less than that expected by addition of their individual responses.
The pattern of allergic response differs in various species. , conjunctivitis) are most common, whereas in guinea pigs, bronchiolar constriction leading to asphyxia is the most common. However, chemically induced asthma (characterized by bronchiolar constriction) certainly does occur in some humans, and the incidence of allergic asthma has increased substantially in recent years. Hypersensitivity reactions are discussed in more detail in Chap. 12. serious lack of oxygen delivery to tissues after exposure to doses of methemoglobin-producing chemicals that would be harmless to individuals with normal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity.