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By Anthony Benedetto
Well illustrated with top of the range photographs, Botulinum pollution in medical Aesthetic Practice has confirmed itself a most advantageous consultant to the scientific use of other kinds of botulinum pollution for either esthetic and clinical reasons.
This moment version keeps all of the beneficial properties that made its predecessor such a success, together with specific anatomic drawings, a overview of different formulations to be had, and specimen kinds. This version has been revised and up to date all through and lines extra new fabric on medico-legal issues and mental and cultural components that can impact the intentions of sufferers and the implications that may be achieved.
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Additional resources for Botulinum Toxins in Clinical Aesthetic Practice, Second Edition
Sample text
The muscles of facial expression are connected to the overlying skin through a series of fibrous septae and an intervening fascial layer known as the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS). Thus when the underlying muscle contracts, the overlying skin moves with it. The muscles of mastication, such as the masseter and temporalis, have bony attachments and function to move the jaw in a way similar to muscles elsewhere on the body (2). With age, the muscles of the face tend to atrophy, resulting in sagging of the face.
When injections of onabotulinumtoxinA are appropriately performed, desirable and reproducible results without adverse sequelae are created. In this and the next two chapters, suggestions will be made on how much to reconstitute a vial of onabotulinumtoxinA to arrive at various preferred dilutions for different anatomical sites. 5 ml of nonpreserved normal saline. The approved and recommended dilution is for glabellar frown lines only, since this is the only FDA- approved indication for the cosmetic use of onabotulinumtoxinA.
Cook Jr. BE, Lucarelli MJ, Lemke BN. Depressor supercilii muscle: anatomy, histology, and cosmetic implications. Opthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 17: 404–11. 6. Flynn TC, Carruthers J, Carruthers A. Botulinum A toxin treatment of the lower eyelids improves infraorbital rhytides and widens the eye. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27: 703–8. 7. Berkowitz BKB, Moxham BJ. Head and Neck Anatomy: A Clinical Reference. London and New York: Informa Healthcare, 2002. 8. Leatherbarrow B. Oculoplastic Surgery. London and New York: Informa Healthcare, 2011.