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By Kuber T. Sampath (auth.), Prof. Dr. Slobodan Vukicevic, Dr. Kuber T. Sampath (eds.)
Since the invention of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) greater than 15 years in the past, there was an unexpected explosion of either uncomplicated medical discoveries and scientific experiences on their use from associations around the globe. The powerful effica cy of BMPs in just about all an important developmental occasions in addition to in the course of regenera tion of assorted organs akin to bone, kidney, mind, liver, middle and so on. , has situated BMPs on the middle of clinical curiosity. lots of those points are coated during this new PIR quantity. Their function in improvement, biology, sign transduction, kidney regeneration, eNS features, craniofacial skeleton reconstruction, joint and carti lage fix, lengthy bone non-unions and acute fractures, and spinal fusion is reviewed by way of specialists within the box. For the 1st time, the position of BMPs in carcinogenesis has been reviewed to supply a cause for utilising their biology in sufferers with bone tumors. The optimism as a result of secure and winning therapy with BMPs for varied skeletal malformations of greater than 10,000 sufferers around the globe has opened new avenues for exploring different symptoms for his or her use. the subsequent colossal problem for bringing BMPs to the convenience ofmankind is in regenerating articular cartilage defects and rescuing sufferers with acute and protracted renal failure. the amount editors thank all authors for the quick guidance in their chapters so that the e-book continues to be up to date for readers with particular curiosity within the box of regenerative drugs. the real contribution of Mrs. Morana and Mr.
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Additional info for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Regeneration of Bone and Beyond
Example text
BMPs were shown to activate osteopontin gene expression by preventing the binding of transcriptional repressor Hoxc-8 to the osteopontin promoter. Activated Smads can bind to Hoxc-8 and disloge the inhibitory Hoxc-8 from the DNA [182, 183]. In addition, a Smad binding region was identified in osteopontin promoter, and shown to be involved in BMP-mediated activation of this promoter [184]. BMP-induces expression of osteoprotegrin (OPG), an osteoblast-secreted decoy receptor, which specifically binds to the osteoclast differentiation factor and inhibits osteoclast maturation [185].
However, clinical use of BMPs as regenerative agents in humans has thus far been limited; there is a need of using high doses of BMPs to get specific effects, if any. With the elucidation of the BMP/Smad pathway numerous inhibitors of BMP signaling have been identified. An interesting possibility, which remains to be explored, is that by inhibiting the action of antagonists, like extracellular sclerostin or noggin and the intracellular I-Smad, BMP signaling can be potentiated, thereby making BMPs more effective therapeutic agents.
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