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By Gian Francesco Giudice
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Reines, The Detection of Pauli’s Neutrino, in History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, ed. B. Newman and T. Ypsilantis, Plenum Press, New York 1996. FORC E S OF N A T U R E | 45 Strong force Only strong personalities can endure history, the weak ones are extinguished by it. Friedrich Nietzsche21 Once it was established that the nucleus is made of protons and neutrons, but does not contain any electrons, the problem was to understand what binds these particles together inside atomic nuclei.
On the other hand, quantum mechanics redefined our understanding of processes with small exchanges of energy. The two theories had revealed new realities, but kept separate domains. However, to describe the motion of electrons at high energies it was necessary to formulate a combined theory that could include the effects of both quantum mechanics and relativity. The construction of such a theory was presenting great difficulties from the mathematical point of view. But Dirac loved difficult problems and he was determined to find an equation that could exactly describe the electron’s motion.
But he was also very highly considered and admired by his colleagues for his unique talent and encyclopaedic knowledge. He published his first scientific article, on general relativity, when he was eighteen, a few months after graduating from high school in Vienna. He spent most of his scientific career in Zurich, though travelling often, going wherever he could to discuss physics. When he was speaking in public, he walked incessantly to and fro in front of the blackboard. 14 W. Pauli, letter to O.