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By Kenneth M. Setton, Marshall W. Baldwin
The six volumes of A historical past of the Crusades will stand because the definitive heritage of the Crusades, spanning 5 centuries, encompassing Jewish, Moslem, and Christian views, and containing a wealth of knowledge and research of the heritage, politics, economics, and tradition of the medieval international.
Read Online or Download A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years PDF
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Additional resources for A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years
Sample text
C. The fact is that by the time they were able to leave, every man in the Macedonian army— Alexander foremost—simply hated the place. That winter, instead of enjoying the spoils of conquest, they'd been forced into a miserable, windswept existence among stone and marble ghosts. Under the Achaemenids, Persepolis had been supplied with a constant stream of varied provisions, but Alexander had wrecked that infrastructure and the Macedonians were left with only the thirty thousand sheep they had seized from the Uxians.
In ancient times, unlike today, the region stretching from Farah to Lake Sistan and along the Helmand River valley to Kandahar was fertile and well populated, despite the "wind of 120 days" that roared in from the northwest every summer. The army halted around Kandahar to await the end of winter and accumulate food before proceeding north. While it was in camp, news arrived that Satibarzanes, reinforced by Bactrian cavalry, had broken back into Areia to raise a new revolt. Bessus had also dispatched cavalry farther west against Alexander's supply line and had named a new rebel satrap of Parthia.
The identity of the primitive Parapamisidae is intriguing because Arrian describes them as Indians, probably thinking of them as the "mountain Indians" he described at Gaugamela. If Curtius is correct about their utter isolation, the possibility also exists that they were aborigines in the territory—today's Suleiman range, or White Mountains—not yet acculturized by either the Iranians or Indians. In the fruitful Kabul valley, the army found sustenance, and was rewarded not so much by Alexander's impetuous leadership as by the advent of warm weather and ripening crops.