A Debate Over Rights: Philosophical Enquiries by Matthew Kramer, N. E. Simmonds, Hillel Steiner

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By Matthew Kramer, N. E. Simmonds, Hillel Steiner

This selection of essays varieties a full of life debate over the elemental features of felony and ethical rights. The essays learn even if rights essentially shield participants' pursuits or whether or not they as a substitute essentially let members to make offerings.

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Democratic quality therefore has two dimensions—social inclusion and accountability— both defined by the way the state and society interact. Democracy as Citizenship and Social Inclusion Central to the quality of democracy is the notion of social inclusion, of inclusive citizenship regimes. According to T. H. Marshall, “those who possess citizenship status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed” (Marshall 1950). Being a citizen indeed means possessing civic, political, and social rights, as well as duties.

But even if comparing a large number of cases may lead to more parsimonious theories and may therefore have wider prospects for generalization (King, Keohane, and Verba 1994), it can also sacrifice some level of accuracy. Because the objective of this research is to tackle the complexity of interactions and agency, lowering the number of cases and conducting more in-depth studies of each case is the better strategy (George and Bennett 2004). This is particularly important given the lack of empirical research on these dynamics after reforms are actually implemented.

In fact, if institutional differences are important, they are not as determining as local sociopolitical contextual variables in explaining the variation in level of success for local initiatives across and within countries. PB is not, in itself, a superior model of participation. Local context matters, and it is therefore almost impossible to identify a single cause that explains the variety of state-society relationships that can emerge from participatory democracy institutions. Comparative case study and process tracing are methods that require an in-depth knowledge of cases, to which qualitative methods and political ethnography are well suited.

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