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By Prof. Dr. Lino Guzzella, Dr. Antonio Sciarretta (auth.)
Automobiles are answerable for a considerable a part of the world's intake of basic strength, as a rule fossil liquid hydrocarbons. The relief of the gas intake of those autos has turn into a best precedence. Many rules to arrive that target were offered. usually those platforms are extra complicated than the conventional methods. For such advanced platforms a heuristic layout process fails. the one option to care for this case is to hire model-based equipment. this article presents an advent to the mathematical modeling and next optimization of car propulsion platforms and their supervisory keep an eye on algorithms.
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Extra resources for Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction to Modeling and Optimization
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E rad /s fuel cut-off limit Fig. 14. IC engine fuel consumption in liters per hour as a function of engine torque and speed. For the example of a standard IC engine powertrain, Fig. 15 shows the simplified structure of an algorithm that computes on a digital computer the vehicle’s fuel consumption using the quasistatic method. For relatively simple powertrain structures the algorithm illustrated in Fig. ). 15 initialization, i=0, J=0 i=i+1 input velocity v, gear ratio γ and clutch status c (driving profile) compute engine speed ω m yes ω e < ω ei and c=open no ΔJi = idling interpolate maximum engine torque Te,max from engine map consumpTe > Te,max tion no yes report error compute consumption ΔJi using the engine map and abort J=J+ΔJi repeat until i>n Fig.
1 150 100 50 0 200 400 600 800 ω e rad /s Fig. 13. IC engine efficiency as a function of engine torque and speed. The average operating point method is able to yield reasonable estimates of the fuel consumption of simple powertrains (IC engine or battery electric propulsion systems). It is not well suited to problems in which complex propulsion systems must be optimized. In particular it does not offer the option of including the effect of energy management strategies in these computations. 14 With this 14 Regulatory test cycles or driving patterns recorded on real vehicles can be used.
3 Methods and Tools for the Prediction of Fuel Consumption 37 Fig. 17. Comparison of measured and simulated fuel consumption. , partial differential equations or equations with differential and algebraic parts. 39) may be used to describe many dynamic effects in powertrains. ) certain others are not (inlet manifold dynamics of SI engines, EGR rate dynamics in Diesel engines, etc). Most of the relevant effects are relatively slow, while the fast effects are significant for the optimization of comfort, drivability, and pollutant emission.