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By M. D. T. M. Fraser
This publication examines poisonous chemical substances that could be found in the place of work and — with easy-to-understand, nontechnical language — examines the stairs a firm can take to regulate them.
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Sample text
With long exposure to solvents, however, the outer layers of the skin, including the fatty layer, are damaged. This damage gives rise to a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin, which is characterized by dryness, scaly hardness, and even fissures. The skin can become red, inflamed, and painful. Because the fatty layer is also damaged, and may even be destroyed, other toxic materials that previously could not pass through the skin now get a much readier access to the body. Vapors from the solvents or actual contact can also cause irritation of the eyes and the lining, or mucous membrane, of the nose and throat.
In the case of aniline, there is not merely a blocking of the capacity of hemoglobin to carry oxygen, but an actual formation of a new chemical called methemoglobin. The effects are pretty much the same however, although the effects of carbon monoxide are much more dramatic and rapid in onset than those of aniline and other methemoglobin formers. There can also be one rather striking difference. When there is a relatively high concentration of carbon monoxide, the lips and skin of the victim tend to turn a bright cherry red color because of the 48 What's in the Air?
A mist is a finely divided liquid suspended and dispersed in the air. It is generated by condensation from gas to a liquid state or by break up of a dispersed liquid. In industry, it is commonly found to exist as an oil mist used in cutting and grinding oils. In practice, it doesn’t 35 Worl~in~with Toxic Chemicals make a great deal of difference what name you apply to these aerosols, but it can cause problems when you want to be specific. The gases and the fumes and the vapors and the mists, of course, tend to float in the air along with fine dust particles.