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By National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Biologic Markers, Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology
Are environmental pollution threatening the human immune process? Researchers are speedily drawing close definitive solutions to this query, by using biologic markers - refined overview instruments that can revolutionize detection and prevention of convinced illnesses. This quantity, 3rd in a sequence on biologic markers, specializes in the human immune method and its reaction to environmental toxicants. The authoring committee offers path for carrying on with improvement of biologic markers, with concepts for utilizing markers to immunotoxicology in people and advised outlines for scientific and box stories. This complete, up to date quantity might be useful to experts in toxicology and immunology and to biologists and investigators interested by the advance of biologic markers.
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Extra resources for Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology
Example text
The immune response includes specific action of lymphocytes (one type of white blood cell) and is facilitated by other white blood cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and basophils. The immune system can be viewed as a system controlled by negative feedback. The central component of the system is the lymphatic tissues, which include mature T (thymic) lymphocytes that have matured through development in the thymus and mature B lymphocytes that have matured in the bone marrow.
The field has two broad research areas: One involves studies of the suppression of immunity; the other concerns studies of enhanced or excessive immune response, such as allergy or autoimmunity. The immune system acts as a passive target for suppressive xenobiotics, and exposure to them can result in an increased incidence of infectious disease or neoplasia because of the host's inability to respond. , asthma and rhinitis), allergic contact dermatitis, or autoimmune disease, can develop. Therefore, although other tissues can be affected after alterations in an immune response, the immune system is the primary site of action.
The field now includes initial identification of suspected immunotoxic chemicals and the development of sensitive, quantitative animal assays to assess any chemically induced immunologic effects and determinations of the mechanisms by which xenobiotics can alter immune function. , 1982). These immunotoxicologic assays measure effects on humoral immunity, cellmediated immunity, macrophage function, natural-killer-cell cytotoxicity, and cytokine activity in animals. Recent developments in monoclonal antibody technology and the advances in cell-culture techniques and molecular biology allow immunotoxicologists to examine the molecular mechanisms of action of drugs and chemicals.